making suggestions
SUGGESTIONS
Öneri getirirken çeşitli yapılar kullanabiliriz.
a) LETS + DO SOMETHING
It’s a nice day today. Let’s go out and have a walk.
A: I have a test tomorrow, but I don’t understand some of the grammar patterns. B: Let’s study together. (Birlikte çalışalım.)
Let’s kalıbının olumsuz biçimi “Let’s not” dır.
It’s a nice day today. Let’s not stay home.
Let’s go out for a walk. (Evde oturmayalım. Yürüyüşe çıkalım.)
“Let’s” ve “Let’s not”, sonuna “shall we?” ya da “okay?” eklenerek soru biçimine dönüştürülebilir.
A: Let’s go to the cinema after class, shall we?
(Dersten sonra sinemaya gidelim, olur mu?) B: I’m afraid I can’t. I have to go home right after class. My mother will be
waiting for me.
A: Let’s buy her a silver ring for her birthday, okay? B: That’s a good idea! She likes wearing silver jewellery.
b) MAY/MIGHT (AS WELL)
“May” ve “might”, öneri getirirken, olumlu veya olumsuz, düz cümlede kullanılabilir.
If you don’t have any other plans, we may/might invite some friends over the weekend. What do you think?
“May as well/might as well” olumlu cümlede “let’s” anlamı verir, ancak getirilen öneri, biraz zorunluluktan kaynaklanan, gönülsüzce yapılan bir öneridir.
Since we can’t afford to go to the cinema this weekend, we may/might as well hire a video and watch it at home.
Olumsuz cümlede “may/might as well”, “needn’t” anlamı verir.
Since you are not close friends with Lucy, we may/might as well not attend her wedding next Sunday.
c) WHY DONT/DOESNT + SUBJECT….?
“Why don’t…?” yapısı, soru biçiminde olmasına karşın, gerçek bir soru deÄŸildir. Öneri getirir.
- I’m getting sleepy.
- Why don’t you go to bed? (Neden yatmıyorsun?)
- I think I will.
- Bill has a terrible toothache.
- Why doesn’t he go to see his dentist?
- I think he is afraid of visiting the dentist.
d) SHALL WE/I….?
“Shall”, özne olarak sadece “we” ve “I” ile kullanılır.
- What shall we do tonight?
- Let’s go to the cinema.
. – No, let’s not. It seems to be a warm night, and I don’t want to be inside.
- Okay then. Why don’t we go to the seaside and walk along the coast?
- That sounds like a good idea.
- We should all contribute to the picnic.
- Okay. Shall I bring some pastries? My mother can make delicious pastries.
- That would be fine.
“Shall I/we ….?” sorusu Türkçe’ye ” yapayım mı/yapalım mı?’ biçiminde çevrilir.
Shall I help you? (Sana yardım edeyim mi?)
Shall we take a rope and a ball with us when we go on the picnic?
(Pikniğe giderken yanımıza ip ve top alalım mı?)
e) COULD
1. “Could” da, öneri getirirken kullanabileceÄŸimiz yapılardan biridir.
- I want to take my son somewhere tomorrow, but I can’t think of anywhere
interesting. Got any suggestions?
- Well, you could take him to the theatre or cinema, or you could go to a park.
To take him to the zoo would be very exciting too, I think.
- I don’t know how I can improve my English.
- Well, there are several ways. You could, for example, attend a course, or you
could study it from books by yourself, or if you can afford it, you can spend a
few months in England.
- What shall we do tomorrow?
- We could meet friends and go to the cinema.
(ArkadaÅŸlarla buluÅŸup sinemaya gidebiliriz.)
2. “Could” un past biçimi “could have done” dır. “GeçmiÅŸte bir ÅŸeyi yapabilirdin ama
yapmadın.” anlamını verir.
Yesterday, he was broke and had to walk home from school.
In fact, he could have borrowed some money from his friends, but he didn’t
want them to know that he didn’t have any money.
(Aslında arkadaÅŸlarından ödünç para alabilirdi ama…)
Yesterday, it was my day off. I could have gone somewhere, but I felt rather lazy, and spent the whole day at home. (Bir yerlere gidebilirdim ama…)
“Couldn’t have done” ise, “geçmiÅŸte bir ÅŸeyi isteseydin de yapamazdın” anlamını verir.
Yesterday, I wanted to visit my friend, but then, I changed my mind and stayed home. Later, I found out that she wasn’t at home that day, so I couldn’t have visited her even if I had wanted to. (Ä°steseydim de onu ziyaret edemezdim.)
Last month, I went to Ankara with friends. I had planned to stay at my sister’s house for the night, but I couldn’t leave my friends, and we spent the night at a hotel together. Later, when I returned to Istanbul, I phoned my sister and told her about my visit there, and I found out that she wasn’t in Ankara during my stay there, so I couldn’t have stayed at her house even if I had wanted to.
- Why didn’t you show up for our date yesterday?
- I wanted to, but our district manager came just as I was leaving work.
- Well, at least you could have phoned and told me that you weren’t coming.
- I couldn’t have phoned you, because the manager took me to the building
site, and there is no telephone there, you know.
(…. telefon edip gelmeyeceÄŸini söyleyebilirdin.) (…. telefon edemezdim, çünkü orada telefon yok.)
3. “Could have done” ile “was/were able to, could do” arasındaki ayrıma dikkat ediniz.
I could have sent them a cheque. (But I didn’t send them a cheque.) (Onlara çek gönderebilirdim ama göndermedim.)
I was able to send them a cheque. (/ sent them a cheque.) (Onlara çek gönderebildim.)
When I had a cheque-book, I could pay by cheque. (Çek defterim varken, çekle ödeme yapabiliyordum.)
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